Necrosis grasa del recién nacido / Fat necrosis of the newborn

Resumen: Introducción: Las paniculitis constituyen un grupo de enfermedades que afectan al tejido graso subcutáneo y se manifiestan clínicamente como nódulos. Su patogenia no es del todo clara, por lo general es asintomático. El diagnóstico confirmatorio es histológico. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas e histopatológicas de un caso de necrosis grasa, una forma especifica de paniculitis en el recién nacido (RN). Caso Clínico: RN femenino de 40 semanas, parto cesárea de urgencia por taqui cardia fetal más meconio, APGAR 7-8-9. Requirió oxigeno y presión positiva por 5 min. Al quinto día de vida presentó aumento de volumen en tronco posterior, de coloración eritematosa - violácea, remitente a la palpación, no doloroso. Ecotomografría de piel y partes blandas informó aumento de la ecogenecidad del tejido celular subcutáneo y pérdida de definición de las celdillas adiposas de aproximadamente 42.3 x 9.7 x 20.1 mm, sin presencia de vascularización. Biopsia de piel: epidermis con acantosis irregular y ortoqueratosis en cestas; dermis papilar con infiltrado inflamatorio y dermis reticular y tejido adiposo con presencia de infiltrado linfohistocitiario con tendencia a la formación de nódulos, sin compromiso vascular, leves depósitos de colesterol; compatible con necrosis grasa del recién nacido (NGRN). Paciente tuvo regresión completa de la lesión a los tres meses de vida. Conclusiones: se describe un caso compatible clínica e histológicamente con NGRN; sin complica ciones durante su observación. Por lo general esta patología tiene buen pronóstico, con resolución espontánea, como en nuestro caso.

Abstract: Introduction: Panniculitis is a group of diseases that affect subcutaneous fat tissue and clinically manifest as nodules. Its pathogenesis is not entirely clear, and it is usually asymptomatic. The confirma tory diagnosis is histological. Objective: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a case of fat necrosis, a specific form of panniculitis in the newborn (NB). Clinical Case: 40-week female NB, born by emergency cesarean section due to fetal tachycardia with meconium, Apgar score 7-8-9. She required oxygen and positive pressure for five minutes. On the fifth day of life, she presen ted an increased volume in the posterior trunk region, with an erythematous - purplish discoloration, which is soft and non-tender to palpation. Skin and soft tissues ultrasound showed increased echo genicity of the subcutaneous cellular tissue and loss of definition of the adipocytes of 42.3 x 9.7 x 20.1 mm approximately, without vascularization. Skin biopsy showed epidermis with irregular acanthosis and basket-weave orthokeratosis; papillary dermis with inflammatory infiltrate, and reticular dermis and adipose tissue with presence of lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with a tendency to form nodules, without vascular involvement, and small cholesterol deposits, compatible with subcutaneous fat ne crosis (SBFN) of the newborn. The patient at three months of age had complete regression of the lesion. Conclusions: a clinically and histologically compatible case with SBFN is described, that did not present complications during observation. In general, this pathology has a good prognosis, with spontaneous resolution as in our case.

Vulvitis migratoria causada por gnatostomiasis importada / Migratory vulvitis caused by imported gnathostomiasis

Resumen La gnatostomiasis es una parasitosis emergente en países no endémicos. Este nematodo zoonótico requiere de agua dulce para su ciclo de vida, donde sus larvas se enquistan principalmente en peces. La migración subcutánea de las larvas produce habitualmente una paniculitis eosinofílica de rápido avance. Se describe un caso clínico de un paciente con una lesión migratoria, sin mejoría clínica con terapia antibacteriana. La búsqueda de factores de riesgo, sumado a la evolución y a los hallazgos de laboratorio hizo sospechar el diagnóstico. La gnatostomiasis debe ser sospechado en pacientes con lesiones de piel migratorias, que han consumido pescado crudo durante viajes a países endémicos en Sudamérica o Asia.

Gnathostomiasis is an emerging disease in non-endemic countries. This zoonotic nematode requires aquatic freshwater environments to complete its life cycle where larvae get encrusted in fishes. Typically, the infection manifests as migratory subcutaneous lesion caused by the larvae trak, which produces an eosinophilic panniculitis. Here we describe a patient who presented a migratory lesion with no response to antimicrobial therapy, a careful travel and food history together with specific laboratory tests led to the correct diagnosis. Gnathostomiasis should be suspected in patients with migratory skin lesions who have consumed raw freshwater fish during travel to endemic countries in South America or Asia.

Histoplasma panniculitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract: Histoplasmosis usually presents primarily as lung infection. Occasionally, mainly in immunocompromised hosts, it can spread and cause systemic manifestations. Skin lesions have been reported in 10 to 15 percent of cases of disseminated histoplasmosis, and panniculitis has been described as an unusual form of presentation in affected patients. We present the case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who presented cellulitis due to disseminated histoplasmosis.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: clinical and histopathological correlation

Abstract: Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is a rare benign panniculitis found in term and post-term neonates. Diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics and specific alterations in the adipocytes, detected by anatomical pathology. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn can occur in uncomplicated pregnancy and childbirth. However, perinatal complications such as asphyxia, hypothermia, seizures, preeclampsia, meconium aspiration, and even whole-body cooling used in newborns with perinatal hypoxia/anoxia may be associated with this entity.

Panniculitis associated with amyopathic dermatomyositis

Abstract: Panniculitis is a rare clinical finding in dermatomyositis, with less than 30 cases reported and there is only one case associated with the amyopathic subtype described in the literature. The present report describes a 49-year-old female patient that one year after being diagnosed with amyopathic dermatomyositis, presented indurated, painful, erythematous to violaceous nodules located on the upper limbs, thighs and gluteal region. Skin biopsy revealed lobular panniculitis with a lymphocytic infiltrate. The patient was treated with prednisone and methotrexate, but remained unresponsive to treatment.

Concurrence of Sweet's Syndrome, Pathergy Phenomenon and Erythema Nodosum-like Lesions

We report the case of a 54-year-old woman with concurrent Sweet's syndrome, pathergy phenomenon and eythema nodosum-like lesions associated with suppurative tonsillitis. Tender, violaceous and highly edematous papules and plaques were detected on the forearms and legs, some of which were pseudovesicular. Similar edematous papules were detected on the dorsum of the hands at the sites of intravenous injection. Biopsies of a plaque on the forearm and a papule at the site of intravenous injection confirmed the presence of Sweet's syndrome. Multiple, tender, violet-red, subcutaneous erythematous nodules were revealed on the legs. A biopsy taken from a nodule on the leg revealed septal panniculitis. To our knowledge, no patient with concurrent Sweet's syndrome, pathergy phenomenon, and erythema nodosum-lesions had been reported yet in previous literature.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: clinical manifestations in two cases / Necrose gordurosa subcutanea do recem-nascido: manifestacoes clinicas de dois casos

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is an unusual form of panniculitis, with few cases described in medical literature. The disease affects newborns at term or post-term, with normal general health. We describe two cases of newborns affected by the disease. One of them already had lesions since birth. Also, we discuss the use of puncture for diagnostic assistance.

A Necrose Gordurosa Subcutânea do Recém-Nascido é uma paniculite incomum com poucos casos descritos na literatura médica. A doença acomete recém-nascidos a termo ou pós-termo, com saúde geral normal. Relatamos dois casos de recém-nascidos acometidos pela doença. Um deles já apresentava lesões ao nascer. Também discutimos o uso da punção para auxílio diagnóstico.

Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma of the Breast

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare subtype of cutaneous lymphoma. There have been a few case reports describing the radiologic imaging findings of SPTCL. We report a case of SPTCL, rarely presented with a breast mass. Here, we review her clinical history and radiologic (mammography and ultrasound) findings.

Paniculite pancreática como a primeira manifestação de doença visceral: relato de caso / Pancreatic panniculitis as the first manifestation of visceral disease: case report

A paniculite pancreática, condição patológica rara, acomete 2-3 por cento dos pacientes com doença do pâncreas. Em 40 por cento dos casos, precede manifestações de doença pancreática. Relata-se caso de paciente feminina, 71 anos, surgimento há 1 mês de nódulos eritematosos nas pernas que evoluíram para ulceração e saída de conteúdo amarelado. Sem sintomas abdominais. A biópsia revelou macrófagos vacuolizados e necrose gordurosa representada por áreas anfofílicas, de material amorfo. Exame laboratorial e TAC demonstraram pancreatite crônica. Presume-se que a liberação de enzimas pancreáticas, tais como a tripsina, pode aumentar a permeabilidade da microcirculação e, então, a lípase e a amilase causariam a necrose de gordura subcutânea observada nas lesões. Na histologia, observam-se "células fantasmas" e paniculite septal de início e posteriormente lobular. O tratamento direciona-se a resolução da doença base.

Pancreatic panniculitis is a rare pathological condition affecting 2-3 percent of patients with pancreatic disease. In 40 percent of cases the condition precedes manifestations of pancreatic disease. We report the case of a 71-year-old female who presented with an erythematous tender node which had appeared one month previously, progressing to ulceration and yellowish exudation. No abdominal symptoms. Biopsy revealed fat necrosis and vacuolated macrophages represented by amorphous amphophilic areas. Laboratory examination and CT scan revealed chronic pancreatitis. It is assumed that release of pancreatic enzymes such as trypsin may enhance the permeability of the microcirculation leading to lipase and amylase causing the subcutaneous fat necrosis observed in the lesions. Histology showed "ghost cells" and, firstly, septal panniculitis, followed later by lobular panniculitis. Treatment focused on resolution of the underlying pancreatic disease.

Paniculitis en paciente con dermatomiositis / Panniculitis in a patient with dermatomyositis

La paniculitis es una manifestación cutánea infrecuente de la dermatomiositis. Puede preceder hasta en 14 meses a otras manifestaciones de la dermatomiositis. En todos los casos, la miositis y la paniculitis presentan mejoría simultánea durante el tratamiento. Describimos una paciente de sexo femenino de 30 años que presenta lesiones clínica e histológicamente compatibles con paniculitis luego de 2 meses de que el compromiso muscular y cutáneo permitió el diagnóstico de dermatomiositis. Las lesiones cutáneas remitieron con el tratamiento esteroideo.

Panniculitis is a rarely reported clinical finding in dermatomyositis. It may precede the other manifestations associated with dermatomyositis by as much as 14 months. In all cases, myositis and panniculitis improve simultaneously during treatment. The present report describes the case of a 30-year-old female patient with clinical and histopathological findings consistent with panniculitis two months after the onset of the muscle and cutaneous symptoms that permitted diagnosis of dermatomyositis. The skin lesions regressed following steroid treatment.

Linfoma subcutâneo de células T paniculite-símile: [relato de caso] / Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: [case report]

Linfoma subcutâneo de células T paniculite-símile foi recentemente reconhecido como entidade clínico-patológica. Paciente do sexo feminino, 17 anos, relatou nodosidades eritêmato-violáceas e depressões nos membros e abdome há três anos e discreta perda ponderal, sem outros sintomas gerais. Adenomegalia, visceromegalias e infiltração da medula óssea estavam ausentes, e a histopatologia da pele mostrou densa infiltração de linfócitos atípicos CD3/CD8 no subcutâneo. A quimioterapia interrompeu o surgimento de novas lesões com remissão das pré-existentes no seguimento de oito meses. Aspectos imunofenotípicos e moleculares são relevantes para elucidação diagnóstica e avaliação do prognóstico.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma is extremely rare and has recently been recognized as a clinicopathological entity. Young female, 17 years old, has complained of subcutaneous nodules and plaques in the limbs and abdomen for three years, accompanied of mild weight loss without other constitutional symptoms. Nodal, visceral and bone marrow involvement was absent, and subcutaneous CD3/CD8 atypical lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the skin sample. Chemotherapy interrupted the onset of new lesions and led to remission in the 8-month follow-up. Immunophenotypic and molecular aspects were relevant to the diagnosis and as prognosis makers.

Paniculitis neutrofílica asociada a la leucemia promielocítica aguda / Neutrophilic panniculitis associated with acute piomyelocytic leukemia

La paniculitis neutrofílica (PN) asociada a síndrome mielodisplásico es una condición muy rara. Presentamos un paciente con PN como parte de una manifestación inicial de síndrome mielodisplásico (Leucemia promielocítica aguda). La PN aparece como una erupción nodular subcutánea, dolorosa, acompañada de síntomas sistémicos, cuyo estudio histopatológico evidencia un infiltrado neutrofílico lobular sin vasculitis, limitado al tejido subcutáneo. Debe ser diferenciada de otros tipos de dermatosis neutrofílicos y de otras hipodermitis lobulares. La PN se asocia significativamente a procesos mielodisplásicos y es altamente sensible al tratamiento con cortidoides sistémicos.

Cytomorphology of subcutaneous panniculitic T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL)--a case report.

T cell lymphomas account for approximately 60% of cutaneous lymphomas. The annual incidence of cutaneous lymphoma is estimated to be from 0.5 to 1 per 1,00,000 persons per year. We present one case of cutaneous lymphoma, an eighteen year old male who presented with multiple swellings all over the body of one month duration. On examination, multiple, subcutaneous, mobile, non tender nodules were seen ranging from 0.5 cm to 5 cm in diameter. FNAC revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma morphologically in favour of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A biopsy and immunohistochemistry confirmed SPTCL.

Connective tissue lipoatrophic panniculitis.

A 23 years old girl with a past history of sero-positive oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis developed nodules and depressed scars over face and limbs. Biopsy from the lesion revealed mixed panniculitis. She responded to steroids and hydroxychloroquine but has residual lipoatrophic scars needing reconstructive surgery.

Paniculitis septal y eritema nudoso típico, su diferenciación sobre bases clínicas e histopatológicas / Panniculitis septal and typical erythema nodosam, clinical and histopathologic differentiation

Se estudiaron 11 pacientes, siete con diagnóstico de Eritema Nudoso y cuatro con diagnóstico de Paniculitis Nodular Subaguda Migratoria. Se establecieron diferencias entre ambas patologías sobre bases clínicas e histopatológicas. El Eritema Nudoso Típico se caracterizó por presenta capilaritis, flebitis y hemorragia a nivel de septum y lóbulos adiposos, e infiltrado linfo-hitiocitario perivascular. La Paniculitis Subaguda Nodular Migratoria presentó marcada fibrosis septal, proliferación capilar perilobular adiposa e intensa reacción granulomatosa con células gigantes de cuerpo extraño a lo largo del borde del séptum interlobular. Los Lóbulos adiposos mostraron atrofia, con mínimo cambios inflamatorios. Llegamos a la conclusión que existen suficientes hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos que justifican considerar a la Paniculitis Septal Migratoria y al Eritema Nudoso Típico entidades diferentes

Revisión clínico-patológica de 61 casos con diagnóstico histológico de paniculitis / Clinical-pathologic revision of 61 cases with histologic diagnosis of paniculitis

El estudio de las paniculitis se basa en el examen histológico y los antecedentes clínicos que, juntos, son primordiales para la interpretación del cuadro clínico. Es de suma utilidad clasificarlas como septales o lobulillares, con vasculitis o sin ella, hallazgos que deben ir siempre informados en las biopsias. De los resultados obtenidos, 34 casos (55,7%) correspondieron a paniculitis septal sin vasculitis, que clínica e histológicamente fueron calificados como "eritema nodoso". De las paniculitis lobulillares, 9 casos mostraban además vasculitis linfocítica de vaso de gran calibre y todas, sin excepción, se presentaron con nódulos en piernas, especialmente en pantorrillas, por lo que se catalogaron como "vasculitis nodular". Todas las otras paniculitis mostraron un variado cuadro histológico que está descrito en forma individual

Paniculitis: concepto y clasificación sobre bases histopatológicas, clínicas y etiopatogénicas / Panniculitis: concept and classification on histopathological, clinical and etiopathogenic bases

Luego de una actualización de la histología y vascularización normales del Panículo adiposo y de una interpretación más ordenada de la patología general del tejido adiposo representamos una nueva clasificación clínico-patológica de las Paniculitis, basada en caracteres histopatológicos, clínicos y etiopatogénicos. I. PANICULITIS LIPOGRANULOMATOSAS: A. Sobre tejido adiposo normal: a) Paniculitis lipogranulomatosas sintomáticas (o secundarias): 1) PANICULITIS TRAUMATICA. 2) CITOESTEATONECROSIS MAMARIA. 3) PANICULITIS POR EL FRIO (Cold panniculitis. Adipose a frigore). 4) PANICULITIS SECUNDARIAS A INYECCIONES REABSORBIBLES: facticiais o medicamentosas. 5) PANICULITIS POR PICADURA DE ARTROPODOS. b) Paniculitis lipogranulomatosas idiopáticas (o primitivas): 1) PANICULITIS NODULAR FEBRIL RECIDIVANTE (WEBER-CHRISTIAN). 2) SARCOIDE DE DARIER-ROUSSY. 3) ERITEMA INDURADO DE BAZIN. 4) VASCULITIS NODULAR (MONT-GOMERY O'LEARY BARKER). 5) PERIARTERITIS NODOSA CUTIS (Hipodermitis micronodular crónica recidivante, Pierini y colob). 6) LIPOGRANULOMATOSIS DE MAKAI. 7) SINDROME DE ROTHMANN-MAKAI. B. Sobre tejido adiposo con cristales de ácidos grasos: 1) NECROSIS ADIPOSA SUBCUTANEA DEL RECIEN NACIDO. 2) PANICULITIS POST-ESTEROI8DES. C. Sobre tejido adiposo con "adipocitos fantasma (ghost-like cells): Dermatosis nodular en pancreatitis crónica agudizada y en cáncer de páncreas. II. PANICULITIS LIPOESCLEROSANTES: a) Formas espontáneas: PANICULITIS ESCLERODERMIFORME O CELULITIS INDURATIVA DE LOS MIEMBROS INFERIORES. b) Formas inducidas: por inyección de sustancias lipídicas o sintéticas no metabolizables: 1) PARAFINOMA (por inyección de parafina caliente licuada). 2) ELEIDOMAS (por inyección de aceites vegetales ricos en ésteres de glicerina). 3) TUMORES POR "ACEITE ALCANFORADO": Inyección de aceites minerales disueltos en aceite alcanforado (facticiais o medicamentosas). 4) SILICONOMAS (por inyección de siliconas líquidas)...